PLEASE DO ALL THE WEEKLY ACTIVITIES IN THIS BLOG BEFORE COMING TO CLASE. WE WILL CLARIFY SOME GRAMMAR NOTES, CORRECT AND PERFORM THE ANSWERS FOR THE WEEKLY ACTIVITIES IN CLASE. WEEKLY HOMEWORK WILL BE ASSIGNED IN CLASE, AND WILL BE DUE THE FOLLOWING CLASE.
SPN 202 S12 Actividades Semanales Semana 3 Antes de QUIZ 1.
2. C14: Commands
Actividad 1. Read grammar notes for the C14 (p. 166), browse these grammar notes and do the book ejercicios as directed. Make your own notes (highlight main points, prepare flashcards). Write at least 3 sentences for each exercise with their English translation.
Commands Forms for Ud. And Uds. The command forms of a verb(the imperative) are used to tell someone to do or not to do something. The formal command forms for Ud. And Uds. Are the same as the corresponding present subjunctive form. Escuche la música. Listen to the music. Traigan comida (Bring food).
Negative commands are formed by the addition of no before the affirmative command. No escuche lo malo (Don’t listen to the bad things). No escriban el informe todavía (Don’t write the report yet).
Haga Ejercicios: A (p. 167) y C (p. 168).
Commands Forms for nosotros (let’s, let’s not) (Libro: p. 169). The present subjunctive forms of nosotros are used as commands. Tomemos un café (Let’s drink a coffee). No hagamos nada (Let’s not do anything). The affirmative nosotros command is often replaced by vamos a + infinitive: Vamos a bailar may mean either We’re going to dance or Let’s dance. Consider context.
Vamos is used instead of vayamos for let’s go. The regular present subjunctive form is used for the negative: no vayamos. Vamos al centro commercial (Let’s go to the commercial center). No vayamos a la casa. (Let’s not go to home).
In affirmative nosotros commands, the final –s of the verb ending is dropped when the reflexive pronoun nos or the indirect object pronoun se is added and attached to the end. An accent mark is written in the third/fourth syllable. Enseñemosela (Let’s show it to them). Lavémonos (Let’s wash up). Sentémonos (Let’s sit down).
Haga Ejercicios D (p. 169) y E (p. 170-1).
Command Forms for tú and vosotros (Libro: p. 171-2). Like formal commands, negative informal commands for tú and vosotros are derived from the present subjunctive. Tú: No compres más (Don’t buy more). Vosotros: No compréis más (Don’t buy more).
Affirmative informal commands for tú and vosotros have their own endings. The affirmative tú commands are derived from the present indicative tú form minus the second person ending –s. Present Indicative: Contestas el teléfono → Contesta el teléfono.
Irregular Affirmative Commands: decir: di-no digas; hacer: haz-no hagas; ir: ve-no vayas; poner: pon-no pongas; salir: sal-no salgas; ser: sé-no seas; tener: ten-no tengas; venir: ven- no vengas.
Affirmative vosotros commands are formed by replacing the –r of the infinitve with –d. The lose their final –d when the reflexive pronoun is attached: Acordaos (Remember). Contestar→Contestad el teléfono. Vended la casa.
Haga Ejercicios G (p. 172) y H (p. 173).
The position of Object Pronouns with Command Forms (Libro: p. 174-5). In negative commands, object pronouns (direct, indirect, reflexive) are placed in their usual position before the verb. No lo hagas (Don’t do it). No se lo digas (Don’t tell it to him). No se preocupen ustedes (Please don’t worry). No nos sentemos (Let’s not sit down). No te la pongas (la=chompa) (Don’t put it on).
Haga Ejercicios L (p. 175) and M (p. 175-6).
Indirect Commands
In Spanish these commands consist of que+present subjunctive. Object and reflexive pronouns are placed before the verb. English equivalents are Let/Have him/her/it/them do something. Que pase (Have let him/her come in). Que espere (Let him/her wait). Que me llamen (Have them call me). Que lo busque en Google. Have him/her look for it with G.
Subject pronouns are added to indirect object for emphasis: Que lo haga ella. (Let her do it).
Haga Ejercicio O (p. 177).
Other Ways of Giving Commands (p. 177): Often newspaper ads for employment, recipes, and instructions, the infinitive of the verb is used as an imperative rather than the command form. This type of command is only used in formal written language. Interesados mandar curriculum vitae (Interested persons, send your CV). Enviar historial con fotografía (Send résumé with photograph). Secar las berenjenas (Dry the slices of eggplant).
Haga Ejercicio P (p. 177).
Actividad 2. Ejercicio Oral: Situaciones. Usted y sus amigos crean al menos una escena en la cual los personajes emplean el imperativo. Por ejemplo, en el consultorio, el médico aconseja a sus pacientes sobre sus problemas de salud, en casa la mamá le da órdenes a su hijo o hija. Ustedes escogen la situación y memorizan sus órdenes y la situación. Practique la situación para presentarla a clase. Su situación puede ser grabada.
3. C15: The Infinitive
Actividad 3. Read grammar notes for the C15 (p. 179), browse these grammar notes and do the book ejercicios as directed. Make your own notes (highlight main points, prepare flashcards). Write at least 3 sentences for each exercise with their English translation.
Verb + Infinitive Construction (Read Libro C15: p. 179-80). In Spanish, an important function of the verbs is to serve as a complement or completion form in verb + infinitive constructions. Many verbs can be followed directly by an infinitive. Espero verlos en la reunión (I hope to see you at the meeting). Nosotros pensamos ir (We intend to go). Yo necesito tomar una decisión (I need to make a decision). See list of verbs that can followed directly by an infinitive.
Haga Ejercicio A (p. 180) and B (p. 180-1)
Conjugated Verb + Preposition + Infinitive: Some verbs require a preposition before an infinitive. The most common prepositions are A, DE, but some require EN or POR.
Some verbs that take A before an infinitive: aprender a (Yo estoy aprendiendo a bailar salsa); acercarse a (to approach); comenzar (e-ie) (to begin to); invitar a (to invite to).
After some verbs of motion, A indicates the purpose of the action: Voy a ayudarte (I am going to help you).
Some verbs that take DE before an infinitive: insistir en (to insist on) Yo insisto en comprar esa casa; acabar de (to have just done something); acordarse de (o-ue, to remember).
Some verbs that take EN before an infinitive: dudar en (to hesitate over) Yo dudo en ir a la fiesta; empeñarse en (to be determined to); quedar en (to agree on).
Some verbs that take CON before an infinitive: amenazar con (threaten to) Yo amenazo con decir la verdad (I threaten to tell the truth); soñar (o-ue) con (to dream of/about).
Some verbs that take POR before an infinitive: empezar (e-ie) por to begin by : Empecemos por estudiar (Let’s begin by studying); esforzarse (o-ue) por/en (to strive to).
There are two verbs that use QUE as the connector to the following infinitive: Tener que hacer algo means to have to do something: Tengo que escuchar más. Hay que hacer means one must do something. Hay que trabajar más.
Haga Ejercicio C (p. 183) and D (p. 183-4)
Infinitive After Prepositions: Spanish does not allow the use of the present participle (the verb form ending in –ndo) after the preposition and requires the infinitive. The infinitive is used after many prepositions such as A, AL, A PESAR DE, ANTES DE, CON EL OBJETO DE.
Estudie más con el objeto de aprender más (Study with the purpose of learning more). Llene el formulario antes de firmarlo (Fill out the form before signing it).
Haga Ejercicio F (p. 185).
Al + Infinitive: The construction AL + INFINITIVE can replace an adverbial clause beginning with CUANDO when the subject of both clauses is the same. Lo vieron cuando entraron → Lo vieron al entrar (They saw him when they came in). Lo perdí cuando me fui → Lo perdí al irme (I lost it when I left).
Haga Ejercicio G (p. 186).
Infinitive After Verbs of Perception: The infinitive is used after verbs of perception such as VER and OIR to signal a completed action. The gerund, rather the infinitive, is used to show an incomplete or in-progress action. Los oí cantar (I heard them sing). Los oí cantando (I heard them singing).
Haga Ejercicio I (p. 187-8).
Adjective + DE + Infinitive: This construction is used when the infinitive of a transitive verbs is not followed by an object or a clause. The DE is omitted when an object or a clause appears. El chino es muy difícil de aprender (Chinese is difficult to learn).
Actividad 4. Ejercicio Oral: Juego de expansión de oraciones. Se juega entre dos equipos. Uno de los equipos presenta una oración y un infinitivo. El otro equipo tiene que expandir la oración. Practique sus expansiones. Su situación puede ser grabada.
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