SPN 202: VerbTenses April 01, 11

Spanish Verb Tenses: The Future Perfect
The FP refers to an action that will have taken place in the future at or by a specified time, e.g. “I will have finished this work by Saturday morning. The FP also can be used to express probability or conjecture, as in: “Lilian has probably studied for the exam”.
Formation of the Future Perfect
habré + past participle habremos + past participle
habrás + past participle habréis + past participle
habrá + past participle habrán + past participle
Uses of the FP
A. Expresses what will have happened: The FP expresses an action that will have taken place by a specified time in the future. In English one can say. “I will have finished this work by Saturday morning,” or, more commonly, “I will have this work done by Saturday morning”. Both versions will be translated as: “Habré acabado este trabajo para el sábado en la mañana”.
Ejercicio 1. Translate these sentences into Spanish.
1. In three weeks, I will have lived in Kentucky for three years. 2. She won’t have finished her homework by 5.30 pm. 3. Will you have your exercises done by 7 tonight? 4. I am sure they’ll have told her everything by now (para este momento). 5. Will you have read the novel for this weekend?
B. Expresses probability: You can also use the future perfect perfect to express probability or conjecture with regard to something that took place in the recent past. Compare: Nora lo ha hecho=Nora has done it (Present Perfect) vs. Nora lo habrá hecho = Nora must have done it; Nora’s probably done it (Future Perfect). The first sentence us simply reporting an action; there is no uncertainty on the speaker’s part. In the second sentence, there is a still some doubt. It is this slight of doubt that is expressed in this use of the FP.
Ejercicio 2. Translate these sentences into Spanish.
1. They could have gone to see the play. 2. She msut have given you a fake phone number. 3. Where has my little cat gone? 4. He must have sent you these flowers. 5. Gisella must have had economic problems.

Spanish Verb Tenses: The Conditional Perfect
The FP refers to an action that would have taken place, but did not because something got in the way or some specified condition was not met.
Formation of the Conditional Perfect
habría + past participle habríamos + past participle
habrías + past participle habríais + past participle
habría + past participle habrían + past participle
Uses of the CP
A. Expresses what would have happened: The conditional perfect expresses an action that would have taken place, but did not. When the dependent clasue is introduced with “but”, the verb in the clause will be in the indicative. Examples: El habría trabajado, pero estaba cansado. Yo habria ido, pero no tuve tiempo.
Ejercicio 1. Translate these sentences into Spanish.
1. I would have called you, but my phone was not working (funcionar). 2. We would have selected more colorful paintings. 3. I think Gaston would have been a great painter. 4. I would have included live music. 5. I would have invited popular artists.
B. Expresses conjecture: The conditional perfect also expresses probability or conjecture with regard to: (a) An action I the relatively remote past: ¿Adónde habrán ido? (Where do you think they had gone?)-El lo habría visto (I suppose he had seen it). (b) The clock time or reference to a date of a specific action: Habrían sido las ocho cuando Lilian llamó (It must have been eight when Lilian called).
Ejercicio 2. Translate these sentences into Spanish.
1.I suppose they have never met anyone like you. Do you think they have lied to us? 3.It must been 11pm when I received his text message. 4. Who do you think/suppose had left these works of art here? 5. Do you think/suppose she had gone to the museum?

Spanish Verb Tenses: The Pluperfect Subjunctive
The FP refers to an action that happened before another action occurred: I hoped that Ivan had spoken (before he was caught). Compare these two sentences: Yo sabía que Iván había hablado =I knew that Ivan had spoken (Pluperfect indicative) vs. Yo esperaba que Iván hubiera hablado = I hoped that Ivan had spoken (Pluperfect subjunctive). In the first sentence you state a fact familiar to you; in the second you mention your expectations and thus your subjective expectations about Ivan’s behavior.
Formation of the Conditional Perfect
hubiera + past participle hubiéramos + past participle
hubieras + past participle hubierais + past participle
hubiera + past participle hubieran + past participle
Uses of the PPS
A. Main Clause in past; subordinate in pluperfect subjunctive: When the main clause in the past (preterite or the imperfect) requires the use of the subjunctive, and refers to an action which possibly had taken place, that subordinate clause will be in the pluperfect subjunctive. Examples: ¿Fue possible que él hubiera hecho tal cosa? = Was it possible that he had done such a thing?; Yo esperaba que usted hubiera leído el capítulo=I hoped that you had read the chapter.
Ejercicio 1. Translate these sentences into Spanish.
1.We wrote a letter in case she hadn’t understood our position. 2. I wasn’t sure that he had seen me. 3. They wished that we had come to the exhibition. 4. I doubted that you had won a literary prize. 5. I was surprised that the texts had had few grammar mistakes.
B. Hypothetical ‘if” clause followed by the pluperfect subjunctive: When the hypothetical “if” is followed by reference to an action that possibly had taken place, that clause will be in the pluperfect subjunctive. These “if” clauses are often balanced by a main clause in the conditional perfect. Examples: (a) Si hubiera sabido la respuesta, yo no te habría preguntado = If I had known the answer, I wouldn’t have asked you. (b) La obra no habría sido un fracas total si nosotros hubiéramos ensayado más.
Ejercicio 2. Translate these sentences into Spanish.
1. If the paintings had not cost so much, they would have sold at least one. 2. The exhibition would have made a good impression to the public if there had been famous artists’ paintings. 3. If Ana had not been married so young, she would have started acting much earlier. 4. If their instructors had wanted, she would have been a star when she was 15. 5. If had studied dancing and theatre, I would have lived as a queen the rest of my life.